Tomáš Hoskovec (Cercle linguistique de Prague)
… und wenn die Sprache einmal gebührend abgegrenzt wird? — Plenarvortrag vor dem VI. Linguistischen Treffen in Wroclaw/Breslau Grenzen der Sprache, Grenzen der Sprachwissenschaft 14 – 16. IX 2017
Résumé : Et si la linguistique finissait par reconnaître que son objet est dûment circonscrit ? — Mue le plus souvent des cas par un vain désir de se voir installer dans une niche universitaire neuve, la manie actuelle d'inventer des branches toujours neuves de recherche linguistique, empêche de voir que la linguistique est une et indivisible par sa tâche et ses procédés, et que toute spécialisation, exigence naturelle de la science contemporaine, exige en contrepartie la connaissance et la reconnaissance de l'ensemble. La langue, objet de la linguistique, est bel et bien la potentialité de la communication langagière, c'est-à-dire la capacité de produire et d'interpréter les textes, tant oraux qu'écrits, qui à leur tour sont des événements historiques et culturels socialement normés. Cette délimitation existe depuis Wilhelm von Humboldt ; c'est également depuis Humboldt qu'existe la notion du signe linguistique bifacial (ou bilatéral), rendue célèbre par Ferdinand de Saussure. Ce que la linguistique doit à Saussure, c'est son programme sémiologique, où le signe linguistique vaut quelque chose et où la valeur résulte toujours des rapports systémiques. L'auteur rappelle les nouvelles thèses, formulées par le Cercle linguistique de Prague en 2016, comme un programme contemporain pour discuter de la recherche linguistique future.
Abstract : Suppose the language were already well delimited… The nowadays trendy hunt for increasingly new, more and more unexpected domains of linguistic research is a run from acknowledging that linguistics has one unique object: language communication, conceived of as a particular cultural-historical event that is subject to social norms; and one fascinating goal: to explain how language communication works in an impersonal way, so that members of a given cultural-historical community are able to understand one another. Linguistics is surprisingly young a science, and, still more surprisingly, it can disappear as science from one day to the next, so that academic life will not even notice: there will be departments of linguistics, but no linguistics any more. Linguistics was inconceivable until, two hundred years ago, Wilhelm von Humboldt consummated the Kantian philosophical revolution by stating that thought does not exist except within a language, and through language communication; linguistics is highly endangered now by a kind of non-reflected Aristotelianism that is, ingenuously enough, still accepted in sciences as common sense and theory-free thinking. Since Humboldt, linguistics has been endowed with a tool appropriate to its tasks: with the bifacial language sign, which is usually ascribed to Ferdinand de Saussure; since Saussure, linguistics has been set to proceed in a consciously semiological way. The Prague Linguistic Circle, which has been working on those issues for more than ninety years, proposes itself as a platform for discussing the current subjects and procedures of contemporary linguistic research aiming at the future.
Pour citer ce document
TOMÁŠ HOSKOVEC (2018) «… und wenn die Sprache einmal gebührend abgegrenzt wird?», [En ligne], Volume XXIII - n° 2 (2018). Coordonné par Carine Duteil-Mougel,
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