Jean-Emmanuel Tyvaert
La résolution du « problème de Saussure » et l’élaboration des connaissances par la pratique des langues
Résumé : La notion de signe esquissée par Saussure dans l’essai De l’essence double du langage est très différente de celle présentée dans le Cours de Linguistique générale publié par Bally et Sechehaye. La réfutation d’un dualisme simpliste « signifiant/signifié » inspiré par le dualisme philosophique traditionnel« matière/forme » est totale et explicite.Le véritable dualisme saussurien doit être reformulé comme «signe/signal» où le «signe», soigneusement préservé de toute décomposition en signifiant et signifié indépendants, s’oppose comme « phénomène vocal comme signe » au « signal » entendu comme « phénomène vocal comme tel ».Cette conception s’articule parfaitement à la théorie de la valeur et elle permet d’appréhender l’interpénétration de la pensée et de la langue de manière naturelle et dynamique sous la condition cruciale d’une distinction préalable du niveau des termes et du niveau des textes.
Abstract : The concept of linguistic Sign as Saussure drafted it in his essay Of the Dual Nature of Language is quite different from that which Bally and Sechehaye presented in their Course in General Linguistics. Saussure clearly and totally denounces the simplistic opposition between Signifier and Signified inherited from the traditional philosophical view opposing Matter to Form.The true saussurian dualism ought to be redefined as the opposition between Sign and Signal. In that new perspective, the Sign is immune from all division between independantly conceivable Signifier and Signified, and is now to be interpreted as “vocal phenomenon as Sign” which is different from the Signal viewed as “vocal phenomenon as such”.This new conception is perfectly coherent with the theory of linguistic value and allows the interrelation between Language and Thought to be apprehended in a more natural and dynamic way as long as the distinction between the level of Terms and that of Texts is clearly established.
Extrait de Langues et pensée, Fragments d’une linguistique générale Textes réunis par Emilia Hilgert, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 2012
Pour citer ce document
JEAN-EMMANUEL TYVAERT (2013) «La résolution du « problème de Saussure » et l’élaboration des connaissances par la pratique des langues», [En ligne], Volume XVIII - n°3 (2013). Coordonné par Sylvain Loiseau,
URL : http://www.revue-texto.net/index.php/docannexe/file/docannexe/file/4272/docannexe/file/4023/docannexe/file/4987/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/docannexe/file/3323/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/docannexe/file/3323/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/images/docannexe/file/118/index.php?id=3285.